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一部分的翻譯b&=
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 $z
On (October 25th, 1945), the Chinese often claim that October 25, 1945 was “Taiwan Retrocession Day”. In other words, they like to say that the Japanese Surrender ceremonies held on that date in Taipei amounted to a transfer of sovereignty over formosa and the Pescadores to China.H_iBgR
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 d
（1945年10月25日），中國經常聲稱1945年10月25日為“台灣光復節”。換句話說，他們稱呼該日在台北舉行的日本投降儀式等於是台灣及澎湖列島的主權轉移給中國。!?
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 cj9RZZ
In support of this claim, the Chinese typically reference the Cairo Declaration, a non-binding press release, issued unilaterally on December 1, 1943 by a group of three belligerents: President Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China, President Franklin Roosevelt of the USA, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom./z"ik0
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 n@\bg
為了支持這種說法，中國通常引用開羅宣言 在1943年12月1日，由中華民國的蔣介石總統、美國的羅斯福總統、和英國的丘吉爾首相，三個交戰國所單方面發出的畮畮 一篇不具約束力的新聞稿。4$/uN
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 F
0:54;
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 aj$|'U
The Cairo Declaration was the outcome of the Cairo Conference in Cairo, Egypt, in late November 1943. At that time, victory over the Japanese was not at all assured, and the Allies needed various propaganda instruments for short-term mobilizations of support.vMgJrt
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 @X:
開羅宣言是在1943年的11月下旬，在埃及，開羅所召開的開羅會議的成果。當時，戰勝日本並還沒有勝算，而盟軍還需要各種宣傳工具以支持短期的動員。"UHy@M
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 ^
The Japanese were advancing steadily in mainland Chinese territory, and many U.S. government officials feared that the Chinese military officers might ask for early peace negotiations in the China Theatre. If that scenario came to pass, large numbers of Japanese soldiers would be freed up and redeployed into the Pacific Theatre, much to the detriment of the USA. Hence, keeping Chiang Kai-shek happy was an important short-term priority. 6i|2
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 uH
日本人在中國大陸境內穩步推進，許多美國政府官員擔心中國軍方官員可能會在中國戰區提早要求和平談判。如果該情況實現了的話，大量的日本士兵將被釋放，並重新調配到太平洋戰區，此舉將對美國不利。因此，保持蔣介石滿意是一個重要的短期優先考慮。]8e
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 G{z
Many scholars would argue that the Cairo Declaration is not, in the formal sense, a legal document. It was not ratified and, indeed, the missions of the three representatives probably did not have authorizations to conclude any formal policy revisions of such scope. Yet, still other scholars would argue the opposite. The controversy between the different viewpoints has raged since the early 1950s, which is over 60 years.Ec}o<
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 q4(.t
許多學者會認為，正式上說，開羅宣言並不是一個合法的文件。它不但沒有被批准，並且，的確，三位代表的任務可能沒有被授權，締結這樣的規模的任何正式政策的修訂。然而，另有一些學者的主張正好相反。自20世紀的50年代初，這些不同觀點已經被爭論了超過60年了。t%YSZ=
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 dld;RE
2:19 ;!I{/
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 +
What is the correct way to interpret the effect of this declaration on the events of October 25, 1945? What were the announced views of the leading government officials at that time? An examination of the Act of Surrender in the China Theatre (held in Nanking on September 9, 1945), and all related surrender documents, as well as published statements of the Allies in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, etc. can certainly help us to illuminate the situation in a much clearer fashion.RU03
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 ea
要如何正確的解釋該聲明對1945年10月25日的事件的影響呢？當時主要政府官員公佈的意見是什麼？研究中國戰區的投降典禮（於1945年9月9日在南京舉行），和所有相關的投降文件，以及盟軍在1940、1950、和1960年代等所發表的聲明，都肯定地能幫助我們更清晰地點亮當時的情況。V
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 Iq[
The following are five items of proof that October 25, 1945 was not “Taiwan Retrocession Day”qaR)&1
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 Sb[c
以下五個項目證明1945年10月25日不是“台灣光復節”(2:52)_p$_
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 UP
The surrender was limited to “Japanese forces”5O]
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 joT1
1.投降僅限於“日軍”8A+L82
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 zw 00
The Act of Surrender in the China Theatre (held in Nanking on September 9, 1945), and Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) General Order No. 1 (issued in Tokyo on September 2, 1945), authorized the surrender of Japanese forces, not Japanese territories.r}t}
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 _I$
中國戰區的投降典禮（於1945年9月9日在南京舉行），以及最高指揮官同盟國（SCAP）一般命令第一號（在東京1945年9月2日頒布）的命令是授權給日軍的投降，不是日本領土的投降。,9r[
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 0;M=C
The Act of Surrender in the China Theatre and General Order No. 1 were military directives, establishing procedures for demobilizing Japanese forces. They were not meant to settle political issues.U|9ny
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 gau
中國戰區的投降典禮和一般命令第一號是軍事指令，為了解散日軍而建立的程序。這些指令並不是要用來解決政治問題。2=
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 OA:?_%
The content of these military directives and in particular, the assignment of members of the Allied coalition to disarm Japanese forces in certain areas, in no way implied that the members had any rights to permanent possession over those areas in the future. [The Surrender of Japanese Forces in China, Indochina, and formosa, Taiwan Documents Project, 2002]qT\Y
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 !{(
這些軍事指令的內容，尤其是有關分配哪個盟軍成員要在哪些領域解除日軍武力的部份，絕不意味著那個盟軍成員未來在這些地區就可得到永久佔有的任何權利。 [日本軍隊在中國，印度支那和台灣的投降，台灣的文檔計畫。2002]g9<H3
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 ,bl5Vn
Japanese vs. Chinese Nationality Status/f;#^k
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 Y?58><
2.日本與中國國籍狀況 (3:58),=
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 `
Beginning in 1946, the Foreign Relations of the United States series has many entries regarding the legal status of Taiwan and its residents.<TgA
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 eZV=
自1946年開始，美國的外交關係有一系列關於台灣和台灣居民的法律地位的備註記錄。r8%U @
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 StX)B
Aide-Memoire: The U.S. Department of State to the Chinese Embassy, Washington DC)
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 &$K
Date: November 21, 1946tDGlFo
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 SGX9X
Subject: Status of Taiwanese persons in Japanu
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 {v)
備忘錄：美國國務部中國大使館，華盛頓特區QX<
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 !"
日期：1946年11月21日j'pMXG
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 Mir,
主題：台灣人在日本的地位J8
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇
…It should, however, be pointed out that, from the legal standpoint, the transfer of Taiwan’s sovereignty remains to be formalized; assumably a treaty of cession will in due course be negotiated which will affect such transfer and which may contain provisions in regard to appropriate change in the national status of Taiwan’s residents. [The U.S. Dept. of State Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946. The Far East Volume VIII page 359].A_c0{V
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 tU
... 但是，應該需要指出的是，從法律的角度來看，台灣的主權移交還未正式化；據推測，割讓條約將在適當的時候進行談判，而此條約將影響台灣的主權移交，及可能含有關於台灣居民的國家地位相應的更改規定。 [美國國務院，1946年的美國國家外交關係部。遠東第八卷第359頁]。rnSn
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 `I\b
Taiwan still belongs to JapanThX=R
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 -5<5>s
3.台灣仍屬於日本 (4:50)Z(
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 ^|d9i;
The earliest report on Taiwan’s legal status by the United States’ National Security Council was issued in 1949.t<
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 %\
美國國家安全委員會所報導台灣的法律地位，最早的報導是在1949年發行的。&+='
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 PG
Draft Report by National Security Council|lm
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 s$K?
Date: January 19, 1949iugv
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 5olj
Subject: U.S. policy with respect to formosa and the Pescadoresg
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 cW8|l
國家安全委員會的報告草案$ARsU
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 tC~Ov
日期：1949年1月19日RX@A>
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 (baH
主題：美國對於台灣及澎湖列島的政策4X_oM
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 DQDhlY
The present legal status of formosa and the Pescadores is that they are a portion of the Japanese Empire awaiting final disposition by a treaty of peace. The U.S. position regarding the status of the islands is qualified by the Cairo Declaration by the Chiefs of State of the U.S., U.K. and China and the policy which the U.S. has followed since V-J Day of facilitating and recognizing Chinese de facto control over the islands. [U.S. Dept. of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. The Far East: China, Volume IX (1949), page 271][Cs18
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 ;~-
目前台灣及澎湖列島的法律地位就是，它們是日本帝國的一部分，正在等待由和平條約的最終處置。美國對關於島嶼的地位的立場是根據由美國，英國和中國的領袖所(同意的)開羅宣言、和美國在戰勝日本後所堅持的，以便和認清的中國的實際控制島嶼的策略。 [美國國務院，1949年的美國國家外交關係部。遠東；中國（1949年）第九卷第271頁]7k
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 U@
The Korean War and Taiwan (5:50)&
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 {Y~`S
4.朝鮮戰爭與台灣YK,X!
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 1
After the outbreak of the Korean War on June 25, 1950, President Truman declared that the “neutralization of the Straits of formosa” was in the best interest of the United States, and he sent the U.S. Navy’s Seventh Fleet into the Taiwan Strait to prevent any conflict between the Republic of China and the Red China, effectively putting Taiwan under American protection. It was known by U.S. government officials that if Taiwan was already recognized as Chinese national territory, there would be no legal basis for the President to authorize such an action by the Seventh Fleet..iQ$
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 sm
朝鮮戰爭於1950年6月25日爆發後，杜魯門總統宣布了“中和台灣海峽”是美國的最佳利益。於是，他就派了美國海軍第七艦隊進入台灣海峽，以防止中國的共和國(中華民國國民黨)和中國紅軍(中國共產黨)之間有任何衝突，有效地把台灣置於美國的保護。美國政府官員都知，如果台灣已經被認定為中國的國家領土，那麼總統就沒有法律根據可以授權給第七艦隊來作這樣的行動。&80#
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 YNS~
6:33 [On August 25, 1950], the United States replied to the United Nations Security Council that “The action of the United States was expressly stated to be without prejudice to the future political settlement of the status of the island. The actual status of the island is that it is territory taken from Japan by the victory of the allied forces in the Pacific. Like other such territories, its legal status cannot be fixed until there is international action to determine its future. The Chinese Government was asked by the Allies to take the surrender of the Japanese forces on the Island. That is the reason the Chinese are there now.” [U.S. Department of State, Czyzak Memorandum, February 3, 1961]p:.gTV
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 l
[8月25日1950]，美國答复了聯合國安理會說：“美國的行動是要明確地表示不妨礙未來的政治解決該島的地位。該島的實際狀態是，它是在太平洋勝利的盟軍從日本採取的領土。像其他這樣的地區，直到有國際行動決定其未來，其法律地位不能被固定。中國政府被盟軍要求，接受在島上的日軍的投降。這是為什麼中國現在在那裡的原因。” [美國國務院，Czyzak備忘錄，1961年2月3日]N
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 X
Future Arrangements for formosa:0s
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 _V/}e
5.福爾摩沙未來的安排 (7:13)'^Y
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 U>[o
It is also quite notable that U.S. Dept. of State documents from as late as August 14, 1950, contained the following commentary and recommendation:o]
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 k_KPw5
從甚至遲至1950年8月14日，美國國務院的文件也還包含了以下的評論和建議，也是相當值得注意的：Wr?$Qb
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 gd+'.
…in 1944 as a result of the work of a policy planning committee in the Department it was decided that formosa should be handed over to the Chinese National Government immediately following upon the termination of hostilities. …I believe that the immediate administrative act affecting the turnover was a military order handing it over to Chinese administration after the surrender of Japan.Nq
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 *8a{n8
...在1944年，作為一個在該部的政策規劃委員會工作的結果，決定，緊隨敵對行動終止後福爾摩沙應移交給中國國民政府。 ...我認為，立即的行政行為影響到此成交，是一個日本投降後移交給中國政府的軍令狀。CxC
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 i5
From the legal standpoint, of course, title could hardly pass prior to determination of the matter by peace treaty with Japan, the Cairo Declaration being merely a statement of intent. It is more and more being considered desirable in the existing circumstances that there by taken some plebiscite of formosan opinion respecting the future form of government and allegiance in formosa, with the several following alternatives suggesting themselves :!N
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 _`
從法律的角度來看，當然，由於開羅宣言僅僅是陳述意圖而已，沒有與日本簽定和平條約以前，要轉讓所有權是很難的。在目前的情況下，被越來越多的認為是理想的，就是由台灣全民公決，尊重他們在福爾摩沙對未來政府和效忠的形式所採取的觀點，具有以下幾個備選的建議 ：(7:51)VTbA4
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 T(
1) Allegiance to Japan,Ul
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 *UQ~(
2) Allegiance to China (regardless of political complexion),Bog
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 rAJ
3) Immediate independence,zVGF
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 T
4) or, a UN trusteeship for a stipulation period of years looking toward ultimate independence.&K-a?
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 G\r
[National Archives and Records Administration]f-3f?
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 B1]X
1) 效忠日本.X-?H
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 -$>j
2) 效忠於中國（不考慮政治局勢）WlL
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 qb
3) 立即獨立P>yg
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 &XWei$
4) 或者，由聯合國託管，規定期限兩年，望向最終獨立性。X+
©昆蟲論壇 -- 昆蟲論壇 @l_
[美國國家檔案和記錄管理局].
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