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A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar.     q~
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7L ******T$` ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ 9f" 1` ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ L4,i= ¥Xª©©ó2007¦~10¤ë¡A¸g¹Lº©ªøµ¥«Ýªº²Ä¤Tª©°Ý¥@¡A Frank Glaw & Miguel Vences (2007):_)}fc ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ LkJq ' ISBN 978-3-929449-03-7.L]]V`7 ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ Z [indent][indent]-¥þ±«¼g§ïª©¥Xª©¡A¨C¶³£¬O¥þ±m¶±¡C6SKah< -°¨¹F¥[´µ¥[ªº¨â´Ïª¦ÂΥͪ«¾Ç´yz¡A¥þ³¡ºë©_¡A¤@¦¸º¡¨¬¡Cu -¶W¹L700ºØª«ºØªº¤À¥¬¦a¹ÏwE -¶W¹L1500±iªº¥þ±m·Ó¤ùkt>j^ -¥¸Ë¡A¥u¤ñÃã®üÁÙ½G¤@ÂIXD 17 x 24 cm[/indent][/indent]6 EHLod ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ J8D [size=5]¨È°¨»¹ºô¸ô®Ñ§½°â»ù 129 ¬ü¤¸(§é¦X¥x¹ô¤£§t¹B¶O4128¤¸)R^ ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ v ²{¦b¥un:¥x¹ô3300¤¸ Wy*V **¥Ø«e¦³®w¦sM [b]³¡¥÷¤º¶ªY½à:&:fq" L ?Lh+ NG ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ p0RVQ *jqe ¤º¤å·§n:[/size][/b]l ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ D| ContentsGLa~ ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ $t * ContentsO * Prefacerp * Acknowledgementsq * Introduction=Yq o Geological historyrt.>!{ o Climate in the past}(M o Fossil evidenceD+{^r$ o Colonization history of Madagascar$IIP~@ o Climate and biogeographical zonationb*w) o Floral*W o Invertebrates2,'X o Freshwater fishJ231at o Birds\t$aE o Mammals%xFOB o BatsVlC'@ o Lemurs{ o Carnivorans`fL o Tenrecs$mY/q o Rodents
* Introduction to Amphibians and Reptilesg o Amphibians\y + Distribution and biogeographyByt + Predation and anti-predator strategies~# + Activity patterns5Zp}6 + Life history82/[1 + Reproductive diversity=6& + Territoriality and parental care'x< + Diversity of eggs and clutchesZ,mtlm + Tadpole diversityi&9y + Vocalizations&<d + Sexual dimorphism"F" + Nuptial padssnrIQ + Femoral glandsHG + Other glands and skin structuresNqLwY + Characters for species distinction%F + Colouration# + Eyes;3n + Skin]Oa0 + Terminal finger discs@ + Metatarsal tuberclesLd1 + Lateral metatarsaliano,a + Webbing$T"Aq + Hindlimb lengthE9[MA + TympanumR + Body sizeM? + Skeletal featuresP |Xh= + Threats, conservation, and future research
o ReptilesP.0y/S + Distribution and biogeography(U + Nutrition8 + Predation and anti-predator strategies198 + Activity patterns4x + Reproductive diversityHe{u + Territoriality and parental carer5A + Diversity of eggs and clutchesV + Life history]]g + Vocalizations.rh[D + Scent signalsZ@mO + Sexual dimorphismJ} ,ag + Characters for species distinctionD8gbW, + ScalesUM?K;y + Finger and toe lamellae>rq + Body size and proportionsq]ca0u + Colour &:G" + Crests and appendagesPP*N"u + Limb reductionM3&G# + Eyes-ZcH W + Hemipenes?t@Qm + Threats, conservation, and future research4 + Box: Chytrid fungus infection: a potential danger for Malagasy frogs
* Species accounts: o Amphibians[*x[ + DicroglossidaenoK # Hoplobatrachus
+ Ptychadenidae4O # Ptychadena
+ Hyperoliidaeq # Heterixalus
+ MicrohylidaeGD # ParadoxophyladHow # Scaphiophryne~nvlj@ # Dyscophus%T9gKS # Rhombophryne}ph # Madecassophryne|(t7F- # Plethodontohyla8E # Stumpffia{a2 # Platypelis{GDr9 # Cophyla~r^ # Anodonthyla
+ Mantellidaedc9:Y # Boophis=:X # LaliostomaC # AglyptodactylusF* # BlommersiaGdx4R # WakeaDz4I # Mantellay # Guibemantisa?K # Spinomantis7BCx # Gephyromantisb # Tsingymantis7;3- # Boehmantisl"| # Mantidactylus
o ReptilesCE + Turtlesf{-m=> # Testudinidae7 * Astrochelysg * PyxisIM' * Kinixys
# Podocnemididae:SPt * Erymnochelys
# Pelomedusidaed * Pelomedusa6aH=p+ * Pelusios
# DermochelyidaeBW5 * Dermochelys
# CheloniidaeD# * Caretta.(J * CheloniaMQyWU * Eretmochelys4\o * Lepidochelys
+ Crocodiles(w # Crocodylidae)hw * Crocodylus
+ Lizards and snakesBXR # Chamaeleonidaec"Of * Brookesia^ * Calumma^L<N * Furcifer
# Iguanidae:p<!' * Oplurus? * Chalarodon
# GerrhosauridaeYJ * Zonosaurus@2 * Tracheloptychus
# Scincidaeh:IQ.A * TrachylepisC+N"F * CryptoblepharusFv"X * Madascincus$JwJ * AmphiglossusmnJ * AndrongoC>q( * Sirenoscincus`a|1^ * Voeltzkowia"f3 * Cryptoscincus^ * Pygomeles;)EzL * PseudoacontiasI>2Q< * Paracontias
# GekkonidaeEH * Blaesodactylus!bk|/ * Geckolepis(cy{^ * GehyraJhVS! * Hemidactylus}Ky1X * Paragehyra[Dcv]^ * MatoatoarML- * Ebenaviax!Gf;V * Paroedura9eA * Uroplatus$* * Lygodactylusdq) * Microscalabotes!SUHU] * Phelsuma
# Boidae%HU7 * Sanzinia9A2CZn * Acrantophis
# Colubridae (sensu lato))R4v * Madagascarophisehp')O * Stenophis:e2NT~ * LeioheterodonM[TpI * Compsophis;'mg * BrygophisKa`fcO * AlluaudinaD= * Langaha83 * Ithycyphusa * PseudoxyrhopusF*,( * Heteroliodonc * Exallodontophis_t97R * Pararhadinaea- * Liophidiumn_8 * LiopholidophisbD'cLO * Bibilava%LMk1F * Dromicodryas$ * Mimophis
# Typhlopidae`+D * RamphotyphlopsmL * Xenotyphlops22e2 * Typhlops
# Elapidae(z * Pelamis
* Appendix: Additional photos and speciesc * ReferencesK@ * Index%Nn(01
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