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A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar.     ZqBhp
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ty~J& ******>]Tl= ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ {a5X ~ ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ ZF- ¥Xª©©ó2007¦~10¤ë¡A¸g¹Lº©ªøµ¥«Ýªº²Ä¤Tª©°Ý¥@¡A Frank Glaw & Miguel Vences (2007):K2%" ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ g ISBN 978-3-929449-03-7.Z}$m ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ TLVR:l [indent][indent]-¥þ±«¼g§ïª©¥Xª©¡A¨C¶³£¬O¥þ±m¶±¡C,+;] -°¨¹F¥[´µ¥[ªº¨â´Ïª¦ÂΥͪ«¾Ç´yz¡A¥þ³¡ºë©_¡A¤@¦¸º¡¨¬¡Cj9eiv -¶W¹L700ºØª«ºØªº¤À¥¬¦a¹ÏX_o -¶W¹L1500±iªº¥þ±m·Ó¤ùZO5qK -¥¸Ë¡A¥u¤ñÃã®üÁÙ½G¤@ÂIXD 17 x 24 cm[/indent][/indent]W|?G z)r ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ ]$Z [size=5]¨È°¨»¹ºô¸ô®Ñ§½°â»ù 129 ¬ü¤¸(§é¦X¥x¹ô¤£§t¹B¶O4128¤¸)i3Ma ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ |DzmPd ²{¦b¥un:¥x¹ô3300¤¸ D2'8 **¥Ø«e¦³®w¦sj"NA [b]³¡¥÷¤º¶ªY½à:`Eb"7Z |cN? P[ U# ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ j|\ K7DZs ¤º¤å·§n:[/size][/b]d]A ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ t0eBt Contentssp ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ 68Jt * ContentsYO * PrefaceyE~ * Acknowledgements7f * IntroductionC} o Geological historyV o Climate in the pastcmg/!3 o Fossil evidenceuMA9? o Colonization history of MadagascarAoDP o Climate and biogeographical zonationKiUx~ o Floraj o Invertebratesy"P o Freshwater fish',ni3x o BirdsY o MammalsY( o Batsjx o Lemurs6:;| o Carnivorans<_EY,{ o Tenrecs^8& o Rodents
* Introduction to Amphibians and Reptiles} o Amphibianse87@@c + Distribution and biogeography*H< + Predation and anti-predator strategies[2~[C@ + Activity patternsR4K$ + Life historyE + Reproductive diversityQ + Territoriality and parental care3ymD, + Diversity of eggs and clutchesl|M + Tadpole diversity=.7 + Vocalizationsry + Sexual dimorphism78iQ + Nuptial pads=lW.2C + Femoral glandsLy>\m + Other glands and skin structuresKRV17 + Characters for species distinctionlh}l + ColourationYs=]DN + Eyes\|{ + Skin]5 + Terminal finger discsmeXr<h + Metatarsal tuberclesAQ + Lateral metatarsalia)B&Ijq + Webbing29z + Hindlimb lengthhLPP<2 + TympanumyUb + Body sizeoE% + Skeletal featuresX + Threats, conservation, and future research
o ReptilesF2SU + Distribution and biogeography;JU) + Nutritionw + Predation and anti-predator strategies6u@;) + Activity patternsYEt{e + Reproductive diversityv + Territoriality and parental care{Q(;h + Diversity of eggs and clutches~K + Life historyhU{hd* + VocalizationsWn + Scent signals4+!g + Sexual dimorphismcx"0 + Characters for species distinction?8 + Scalesp + Finger and toe lamellaeb-t + Body size and proportions=q L]i + ColourW[1k~ + Crests and appendagescFa + Limb reductionq~fc$h + Eyest&@ ;6 + HemipenesTc + Threats, conservation, and future researchbV3 + Box: Chytrid fungus infection: a potential danger for Malagasy frogs
* Species accounts]6w/ o Amphibians~" + Dicroglossidaei21ym7 # Hoplobatrachus
+ Ptychadenidaezr # Ptychadena
+ Hyperoliidae"<af:w # Heterixalus
+ MicrohylidaeG8r # Paradoxophyla)bE # Scaphiophryne.~- # DyscophusB # RhombophryneV_j # Madecassophryneh # Plethodontohyla. # Stumpffia2-/SBe # Platypelisr:Z # Cophyla3kma2 # Anodonthyla
+ MantellidaeHV-: # Boophis"I # LaliostomaR_4 # Aglyptodactylus3ePP # BlommersiaZ9\_ # Wakea>#UG{ # Mantellaie3 # GuibemantiswYWNk # SpinomantisKVuY-~ # Gephyromantis#?x # TsingymantisHWQku # Boehmantis5P # Mantidactylus
o ReptilesiX@n + Turtlesm # Testudinidaef\8`v_ * Astrochelys5q * PyxisaW`)U * Kinixys
# Podocnemididae)` * Erymnochelys
# Pelomedusidael:Qc!4 * Pelomedusa%n{#gQ * Pelusios
# Dermochelyidaef * Dermochelys
# CheloniidaeZ * Caretta23d3 * ChelonianTVHhc * Eretmochelys,p'^3> * Lepidochelys
+ CrocodilesRZ7xz # CrocodylidaeCo:(* * Crocodylus
+ Lizards and snakese # Chamaeleonidae d9 * Brookesia. * Calumma1y;pm+ * Furcifer
# IguanidaeL. * Oplurus"5HLZ} * Chalarodon
# GerrhosauridaeQPx1 * Zonosaurusi* * Tracheloptychus
# ScincidaeJ28sc; * TrachylepiskfgiU * Cryptoblepharus0ok * MadascincusOvXR * AmphiglossusJ==|I * Androngo3 * Sirenoscincus? * Voeltzkowia: * Cryptoscincusn * Pygomeles0< * Pseudoacontiasv* * Paracontias
# Gekkonidae1Q`'+g * Blaesodactylus=<4 * GeckolepisL?vo * GehyraQ%f+2 * HemidactylusZvWv * Paragehyra}yBH * Matoatoa`=^- * EbenaviaJT * ParoeduraV * UroplatusD * LygodactylusQ,6 * MicroscalabotesmP * Phelsuma
# Boidae)6( * Sanzinia' * Acrantophis
# Colubridae (sensu lato)iW~ * Madagascarophisa`06 * StenophisY * Leioheterodon5N * CompsophishGL * Brygophis$ * Alluaudina|2W2 * LangahaX0F * Ithycyphus8 * Pseudoxyrhopus\[R * Heteroliodon * ExallodontophisrFO * PararhadinaeaL4 * LiophidiumA&O * LiopholidophisI0fo * Bibilavay]*) * DromicodryasIsnonp * Mimophis
# TyphlopidaeYI * Ramphotyphlopsv,HK_ * Xenotyphlops(| * Typhlops
# ElapidaebIO5 * Pelamis
* Appendix: Additional photos and species$l}Mv * Referencesf& * Indexs;-Cbj
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