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A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar.     rpU^z&
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<)ksE ******D2 ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ hx Du ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ VMAx}. ¥Xª©©ó2007¦~10¤ë¡A¸g¹Lº©ªøµ¥«Ýªº²Ä¤Tª©°Ý¥@¡A Frank Glaw & Miguel Vences (2007):4 ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ MbK| ISBN 978-3-929449-03-7.pL ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ Y [indent][indent]-¥þ±«¼g§ïª©¥Xª©¡A¨C¶³£¬O¥þ±m¶±¡Cpl90 -°¨¹F¥[´µ¥[ªº¨â´Ïª¦ÂΥͪ«¾Ç´yz¡A¥þ³¡ºë©_¡A¤@¦¸º¡¨¬¡CE96e9 -¶W¹L700ºØª«ºØªº¤À¥¬¦a¹Ï&+e -¶W¹L1500±iªº¥þ±m·Ó¤ù$_+ -¥¸Ë¡A¥u¤ñÃã®üÁÙ½G¤@ÂIXD 17 x 24 cm[/indent][/indent]lIL0* 8mb ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ / [size=5]¨È°¨»¹ºô¸ô®Ñ§½°â»ù 129 ¬ü¤¸(§é¦X¥x¹ô¤£§t¹B¶O4128¤¸)~MIG#? ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ ?Y&Udq ²{¦b¥un:¥x¹ô3300¤¸ O<N **¥Ø«e¦³®w¦s9 [b]³¡¥÷¤º¶ªY½à:6i qb@ azL =4v[# ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ R yI ¤º¤å·§n:[/size][/b]\-v ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ ^ybZ% Contentso~c| ©©øÂν׾ -- ©øÂν׾¡@¡@ t0V * ContentsC * Preface, * Acknowledgements=| * IntroductionQ o Geological historyq o Climate in the pastPvKs1 o Fossil evidencefV o Colonization history of MadagascarkI- o Climate and biogeographical zonation ksC o Flora!FB=L o Invertebrates_~Md o Freshwater fish* o BirdsTm# o MammalsK9*) o Bats`oVp o Lemurs4 o CarnivoransN]Z{M o TenrecsBoe o Rodents
* Introduction to Amphibians and Reptiles)#3}" o Amphibiansfq.b + Distribution and biogeography3gy55= + Predation and anti-predator strategiesHA)9L[ + Activity patterns'eFN + Life historyGqq + Reproductive diversity,<SU#m + Territoriality and parental care_]M + Diversity of eggs and clutchesHf]UT + Tadpole diversity>1qNIa + Vocalizations}:7-m + Sexual dimorphismi + Nuptial pads?^ + Femoral glands9HJis + Other glands and skin structures}` + Characters for species distinction7 + ColourationRJ]#j + EyesmU3:%} + SkintV*5^, + Terminal finger discs y?#l + Metatarsal tuberclesv{. + Lateral metatarsalia8 + Webbing5C_Y + Hindlimb length70g)j/ + TympanumF,Udx + Body size)US + Skeletal featuresJmI + Threats, conservation, and future research
o Reptiles$)h=p& + Distribution and biogeographyD I + NutritionYYa + Predation and anti-predator strategiesW?v?ZV + Activity patternsr + Reproductive diversityw>C% + Territoriality and parental careOUXU + Diversity of eggs and clutchesNA!-v + Life historyL|ly + Vocalizations}"u@ + Scent signalsc"U% + Sexual dimorphism- + Characters for species distinctionYziIC + ScalesW1] + Finger and toe lamellaex[{ + Body size and proportions>A75 + Colour-]HIk# + Crests and appendagesV%<)"7 + Limb reductionvG + Eyes ?*r : + HemipenesP=!H + Threats, conservation, and future researchWHhgzT + Box: Chytrid fungus infection: a potential danger for Malagasy frogs
* Species accountsh<'A o Amphibians8!XK + Dicroglossidaejz%Zr # Hoplobatrachus
+ Ptychadenidaef_ # Ptychadena
+ HyperoliidaeWBE # Heterixalus
+ Microhylidae4 # Paradoxophyla(O0hX # ScaphiophryneD7mJ # DyscophusV # Rhombophryne*< # MadecassophryneF|D3 # Plethodontohylar_LY} # Stumpffia3qU7`' # Platypelisrx.{= # Cophyla*Ks # Anodonthyla
+ MantellidaeMiE # Boophisy[Oc # Laliostoma/ # Aglyptodactylus7 # BlommersiaiT # WakeaDh@2 # MantellaDT,0U # Guibemantis|{"f # Spinomantis!|\qC # Gephyromantis;fMG[ # TsingymantisL +{o # BoehmantisG]1F# # Mantidactylus
o ReptilesmXBvt + TurtlesNal<0p # Testudinidae. * Astrochelys{o_P * Pyxis]H * Kinixys
# Podocnemididae]1wV * Erymnochelys
# PelomedusidaeF * Pelomedusa]rTG%- * Pelusios
# Dermochelyidae| * Dermochelys
# Cheloniidae]H; + * Caretta4:x/>; * Chelonia?6; * Eretmochelys#h * Lepidochelys
+ Crocodiles%b;*- # CrocodylidaexGD * Crocodylus
+ Lizards and snakes'C # ChamaeleonidaeLm}1gH * BrookesiaFV * CalummaQ4( * Furcifer
# IguanidaeN3rW * Oplurusar(Jq> * Chalarodon
# Gerrhosauridae.)$ma5 * Zonosaurus1)`.h * Tracheloptychus
# Scincidae\ * Trachylepis{c\WRm * Cryptoblepharus, * MadascincusI(p * Amphiglossus_jU"HX * Androngo(e +K * SirenoscincusjMi@:b * Voeltzkowiae5 * CryptoscincusAo~p2 * Pygomeles6 + * PseudoacontiasLi]2R * Paracontias
# Gekkonidaez]fi * BlaesodactylusjOKf0J * GeckolepisP=C&^> * GehyraF{6? * Hemidactylus. vxSy * ParagehyraKHP * Matoatoag$3] * Ebenavia> * Paroedurao_)-4 * UroplatusZr@g * Lygodactylustv*jJR * Microscalabotes=(1 * Phelsuma
# BoidaeT{*V4 * Sanziniat:;]% * Acrantophis
# Colubridae (sensu lato)ul'N^= * MadagascarophisH[ * Stenophis( * LeioheterodonW*' * Compsophisw * Brygophis.Q,Rj& * Alluaudina:co@Im * LangahaF<5J6e * Ithycyphusd/$2 * PseudoxyrhopusK * HeteroliodonVH * Exallodontophis[b * Pararhadinaea9W * Liophidiumb$Q * Liopholidophisuju{I * BibilavaS * DromicodryasTm * Mimophis
# Typhlopidae0ev * Ramphotyphlopso+m=I^ * Xenotyphlops O% o * Typhlops
# Elapidae@) * Pelamis
* Appendix: Additional photos and species4 * Referencesz * Indexgsg
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